SS-31

SS-31 (also known as Elamipretide) is a synthetic peptide that targets and protects mitochondria, the energy powerhouses of cells, by stabilizing cardiolipin on the inner membrane, improving energy production, reducing oxidative stress, and preventing cell death, showing promise for various age-related and mitochondrial diseases like heart failure, kidney disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. It works by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and restoring cellular energy balance, offering benefits like increased exercise tolerance and protection against injury.

How SS-31 Works
--Mitochondrial Targeting: Its unique structure allows it to penetrate cells and accumulate at the inner mitochondrial membrane, binding to cardiolipin, a key lipid.
--Stabilizes Mitochondria: By binding to cardiolipin, it helps organize the electron transport chain, promoting efficient energy (ATP) production and reducing harmful ROS.
--Antioxidant & Anti-Apoptotic: It scavenges ROS, inhibits pore opening (which leads to cell death), and protects cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Potential Uses & Benefits (Based on Research)
--Cardiovascular Health: Protects heart cells from damage, improves function in heart failure.
--Kidney Disease: Protects kidney cells from injury, improves structure.
--Aging & Longevity: Reverses age-related mitochondrial decline, improves exercise tolerance.
--Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential for conditions like Alzheimer's by improving mitochondrial function.
--Metabolic Disorders: Shows promise in managing oxidative stress and inflammation.

Administration & Considerations
--Delivery: Typically administered as an injection into subcutaneous fat (stomach, thigh).
--Effects: Can provide an energizing effect within 1-2 weeks.
--Contraindications: Should be avoided by pregnant/breastfeeding women, those with a history of cancer, or heart disease.