Melanotan 1

Melanotan 1 (also known by its generic name afamelanotide, brand name Scenesse®) is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (\(\alpha \)-MSH). It primarily works by mimicking this hormone to stimulate the production of melanin in the skin, resulting in pigmentation (tanning). 

Medical Use and Research 
Unlike the unregulated cosmetic tanning products sold illicitly online, afamelanotide is a prescription medication approved in Europe, the United States, and Australia for specific light-related skin conditions. 

--Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP): Its primary approved use is to prevent phototoxicity (severe pain and burning from light exposure) in adult patients with EPP, a rare genetic disorder.

--Photoprotection Research: It is being studied in clinical trials for its photoprotective effects against other conditions like solar urticaria, polymorphic light eruption, and as a potential preventative agent for non-melanoma skin cancer in high-risk individuals, such as organ transplant patients. 

When used as a regulated medication (Scenesse), it is administered as a dissolvable implant placed under the skin. 

Cosmetic Use (Unregulated) Illicitly sold forms of "Melanotan 1" (often in powder form to be mixed and injected subcutaneously) are used by individuals for cosmetic tanning, as they allow for a tan to develop with less UV exposure than usual. These unregulated products have not been tested for safety, quality, or effectiveness by health authorities (such as the FDA or MHRA).

Important Safety Warning Health agencies worldwide advise against the use of unregulated Melanotan products due to significant health concerns and a lack of safety data. Potential side effects can range from nausea and flushing to more serious issues like increased moles/freckles, kidney dysfunction, and high blood pressure. The long-term risks, particularly regarding skin cancer development, are still being investigated, and the products may contain unlisted harmful chemicals.